AliExpress caught using silent audio to fingerprint visitors’ browsers

AliExpress, the online marketplace owned by Alibaba Group, has come under scrutiny after researchers and browser maker Brave reported finding silent Web Audio processing on the site that could help fingerprint visitors’ devices.

The audio processing did not record people through their microphones. Instead, it generated and processed an inaudible signal, then measured small, repeatable differences in the way a browser and device handled it.

Browser fingerprinting is a way for websites to identify devices and recognize returning visitors without relying on conventional cookies. It works by using information about a device and browser to create a unique signature.

The AliExpress website was found processing a fixed audio waveform and examining the resulting numerical values. Tiny differences can arise from the browser, operating system, CPU behavior, audio hardware, and drivers. When combined with other signals, they become another input that can contribute to a browser or device identifier.

Investigation of the page’s code reportedly found audio-processing graphs that were set to zero volume but remained connected to the system audio output. That explains why a user could hear nothing, and why muting a browser tab would not necessarily prevent the processing. All the relevant work was occurring within the Web Audio graph rather than through a conventional media player.

And audio measurements were only one part of the reported data collection. The scripts also gathered information tied to canvas rendering, WebGL, display settings, hardware configuration, WebRTC behavior and user interactions. Together, those signals can create a more detailed profile of a device than any one signal would provide on its own.

Fingerprinting can be used for legitimate purposes such as fraud prevention, bot detection, and risk assessment. It can help companies spot suspicious transactions or automated activity even when cookies have been deleted or accounts have changed.

AliExpress, the online marketplace owned by Alibaba Group, has come under scrutiny after researchers and browser maker Brave reported finding silent Web Audio processing on the site that could help fingerprint visitors’ devices.

The audio processing did not record people through their microphones. Instead, it generated and processed an inaudible signal, then measured small, repeatable differences in the way a browser and device handled it.

Browser fingerprinting is a way for websites to identify devices and recognize returning visitors without relying on conventional cookies. It works by using information about a device and browser to create a unique signature.

The AliExpress website was found processing a fixed audio waveform and examining the resulting numerical values. Tiny differences can arise from the browser, operating system, CPU behavior, audio hardware, and drivers. When combined with other signals, they become another input that can contribute to a browser or device identifier.

Investigation of the page’s code reportedly found audio-processing graphs that were set to zero volume but remained connected to the system audio output. That explains why a user could hear nothing, and why muting a browser tab would not necessarily prevent the processing. All the relevant work was occurring within the Web Audio graph rather than through a conventional media player.

And audio measurements were only one part of the reported data collection. The scripts also gathered information tied to canvas rendering, WebGL, display settings, hardware configuration, WebRTC behavior and user interactions.